David Huron
In: A. Marsden & A. Pople (editors), Computer Representations and Models in Music., London: Academic Press, 1992, pp. 5-39.
The general problem of computer-based music representation is considered through an analysis of signifiers, signifieds, and denotative mappings. It is shown that it is impossible to represent all properties of a signified even in the extreme case where a signified itself is used as its own signifier. The problem of music representation thus hinges on elucidating finite sets of properties which are suited to the achievement of certain goals. Binary, alphanumeric, graphic, and sonic signifiers are discussed, and seven classes of denotative mappings distinguished. Twelve design principles for music representations are developed. Representational protocols are advocated over representational schemes as protocols permit individual users to tailor their own schemes specifically to suit the type of task in which they are engaged, and yet produce representations which remain compatible in principle with other forms of representation.